Salt is an essential element for life on earth and has been inextricably linked to mankind since prehistoric times. The importance of salt in human history and culture is reflected in its widespread presence in nutrition, food preservation, trade, various religious beliefs and conceptions, and its use in the production of a variety of industrial products that affect our daily lives to the present day.
The Biological Importance of Salt
Salt and humans
Salt, due to its high sodium content, is essential for human survival and well-being. Salt contributes to the balance of electrolytes in the body, the proper functioning of the nervous system, the transmission of electrical impulses to the brain, muscle contraction, digestion and the secretion of gastric fluids. As salt overconsumption is associated with a number of negative effects and diseases such as water retention, increased blood pressure, heart disease and osteoporosis, we recommend careful consumption of salt. The international guideline encourages the consumption of 2 grams of sodium per adult per day. However, in many countries the consumption is much higher depending on cultural and economic conditions as well as geographical area and climate.
Salt and animals
Salt is similarly important for the survival and well-being of animals. Because of the marine origin of all animal organisms, salt is an essential component of the animal body and is also necessary for a number of functions.
Salt contributes to the balance of electrolytes in the animal body, as well as to the prevention of unwanted disorders such as hyponatraemia and other diseases related to electrolyte imbalance. Different amounts of salt are required in the diet depending on the species. For example, sheep and goats need a lot of salt due to their high water consumption through their nutrition. Likewise, cows need a much larger amount of salt than horses. Animals therefore instinctively seek out salt, which in the past also contributed to the identification of areas with salt deposits. Today, herbivorous production animals are provided with salt supplements - the so-called salt supplements.
Salt in nutrition and cooking
Who can live without salt? Salt is the king of seasonings. It amplifies and balances flavors by enhancing and harmonizing all the other ingredients. It is used in food preservation, in salt fish and other salt cured food and in the production of, rich in probiotics, pickled products and dairy products. Salt is necessary in small quantities even in sweets. In fact, modern trends in gastronomy have introduced into our lives some very tasteful salts from all over the world.
The ecological value and environmental impact of salt
The role of salt in ecosystems
Salt plays an essential role in ecosystems, particularly in marine and coastal environments. Salt marshes develop wetlands where aquatic (phytoplankton and algae) and terrestrial (algal and semi-algal vegetation) organisms live in harmony with insects, fish and birds. The mild halophagic activity and the absence of significant predators allows for the hosting and breeding of many bird species.
The impact of salt mining and processing on the natural environment.
The supply of salt can impact the natural environment, particularly when it is not adequately managed. Salt mining and processing, depending on the method used, can involve extensive use of water and energy and can cause several negative impacts on landscapes and ecosystems. Usually, salt exploitation from salt marshes is less invasive and more environmentally friendly. This is due to lower energy consumption, minimal use of heavy machinery and the absence of chemical processes. In addition, the process in the salt marshes allows for the rehabilitation of the salt marshes and their ongoing use for salt production without significant permanent damage to the environment.
Sustainability and Innovation
Due to all of the aforementioned reasons, the need for sustainability and reduction of the environmental impact of salt is more than present. Some practices that can contribute to sustainability and viability include water recycling, responsible mining, the exploitation of salt marshes instead of salt mines, using technologies for precise positioning of salt ponds, using renewable energy sources such as wind power and recovering any useful resulting materials such as magnesium.
Salt is a resource of vital importance for humans and the environment, which deserves to be recognised and preserved. So if salt is to remain a source of life for us and for future generations, let us consume it responsibly and contribute to its sustainability by adopting best practices.